甜菜西方黄化病毒两个山东辣椒分离物全基因组扩增及序列分析

 通过RACE和RT-PCR技术相结合的方法,在山东省潍坊市和济宁市辣椒上克隆出2个甜菜西方黄化病毒(beet western yellows virus,BWYV)的全基因组序列,基因组全长均为5 699 nt。与GenBank比对发现,2个分离物的5′UTR(Untranslated region,UTR)变异程度小、相对比较保守,而3′UTR变异程度大、为突变热点区域。潍坊、济宁两地分离物与GenBank中该病毒的全基因组序列相似度平均值分别为89.89%和89.72%。系统进化树分析发现BWYV亚洲地区的分离物聚类在3个不同的组别,本研究克隆的2个山东分离物和3个日本分离物(LC428355、LC428356、LC428357)、2个韩国分离物(LC198684、KM076647)聚在一组,而美国分离物与法国分离物聚在其他分支,表明该病毒的进化存在地理相关性。这是首次对BWYV中国辣椒分离物的全基因组序列克隆,丰富了BWYV的序列信息,有助于进一步了解该病毒种群的遗传进化关系。     

由16S rDNA序列初步推断鳜类与低等鲈形目鱼类的系统关系

为验证鳜类系统分类位置的各种假说，对部分鳜类鱼类线粒体16SrDNA基因片段进行PCR扩增和测序，利用其与GenBank中鳕科以及鲈形目其它科鱼类的同源序列，初步构建了鳜类与部分低等鲈形目鱼类的分子系统关系。结果表明，鳜类为单系类群，但未与绪科聚合成单系群体，与目前假设的暖鲈科、狼鲈科、锯盖鱼群、花鲈等亲缘关系相对较远。由于鳜类为淡水特化类群，系统演化上较晚发生，因而，支持将其独立为一科——鳜科。本研究结果可为理解低等鲈形目鱼类的系统进化关系提供分析资料。     

平稳高斯向量序列最大值的几乎处处中心极限定理

在rn（p）logn（log log n）^1＋ε=O（1）,rn（P,q）log n（log log n）^1＋ε=O（1）,1≤P≠q≤d的条件下,证明了平稳高斯向量序列最大值的几乎处处收敛．     

‘豫杂一号’泡桐叶绿体基因组序列及特征分析

泡桐是中国重要的速生树种,对我国经济发展有着重要作用。以‘豫杂一号’泡桐为材料,IlluminaHiseq2000测序,对其全基因组序列基本结构特征、密码子偏好性和重复序列进行统计分析。结果表明,‘豫杂一号’泡桐为典型的四分体结构,全长序列为154615bp,编码114个基因,含4个rRNA,30个tRNA和80个蛋白质编码基因。该叶绿体全基因组测序的成功促进了叶绿体分子生物学的研究,也为泡桐以及其他物种的遗传育种和创制种质资源奠定了一定的理论基础。     

入侵种西花蓟马与本地近缘种花蓟马的双基因鉴定

快速准确的害虫种类识别是有效筛选天敌昆虫开展靶向性生物防控的关键。入侵种西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis与本地种花蓟马F.intonsa常同域同期同种寄主上发生,因体型小、形态相似,难以快速准确鉴定。本研究以mt DNA COI与r DNA ITS2基因为标记对我国10个采样点的西花蓟马和花蓟马开展分子鉴定研究。结果显示,当以COI或ITS2基因为靶标时,西花蓟马与花蓟马间的平均遗传距离分别为0.221和0.113,是种内遗传距离的22.1和18.8倍,且种内、种间遗传距离间无重叠,并在系统发育树上聚为独立的分支,表明2种基因均可准确区分西花蓟马和花蓟马。此外,基于COI基因构建的系统发育树,西花蓟马的各单倍型聚为了2个亚分支,并分别对应温室品系和羽扇豆品系,表明COI基因还可用于西花蓟马品系的识别鉴定。研究结果对近缘种花蓟马的快速鉴定、专食性天敌昆虫的筛选,及其生防效果评价具有重要意义。     

海南4个地区暹罗炭疽菌群体遗传结构分析

对分离自海南4个地区13种寄主植物上暹罗炭疽菌的ITS-CAL-GAPDH 3基因序列进行群体遗传结构分析。95条暹罗炭疽菌多基因序列可定义为16个单倍型,其中,单倍型H5为主要单倍型,分布于所有寄主植物。AMOVA分析显示,遗传变异主要发生在种群内;病菌未经历过大规模的种群扩张过程。研究结果表明,暹罗炭疽菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

鸡卵清蛋白基因调控序列的克隆与载体构建

卵清蛋白（ovalbumin）基因在鸡基因组中只有一对等位基因,却能每天合成分泌多达2 g的蛋白,占据卵白蛋白质的50%以上,是外源基因载体表达调控构件的首选。该研究从输卵管特异性启动子方面着手,通过对卵清蛋白基因启动子的筛选优化,找出启动子增强因子的位置以及组织特异性区域。将卵清蛋白基因上游-922～-2 073和-2 801～-3 100区域平均分成12个长度约为150 bp的序列,分别插入到-921～+38序列的上游,成功构建12个系列表达载体,为进一步筛选短缩版优化启动子提供材料;卵清蛋白基因第一内含子区域截断成300 bp左右的迷你内含子序列,成功构建8个迷你内含子系列载体,为筛选优化的迷你内含子提供必要的材料;成功分离鸡输卵管上皮细胞并优化电转染条件,通过荧光素酶活性检测初步筛选出具有最强活性重组质粒pGL4 UP 1412和内含子重组质粒pGL4 mini intron 3,同时推断出若干包含增强子序列区域。     

Outbreak of Philophthalmus gralli in four greater rheas (Rhea americana)

Using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, conjunctival biopsy, and morphological identification, a flock of four Greater rheas (Rhea americana) in Arizona were diagnosed with conjunctivitis secondary to Philophthalmus gralli (P. gralli) infection. Aquatic snails from the exhibit’s water source were identified as Melanoides tuberculatus, a known vector for P. gralli. Comparison of partial sequences of DNA regions from P. gralli adults removed from the rheas and metacercariae from the aquatic snails demonstrated a 100% match, confirming the source of infection. The flock was divided into two treatment groups: the most severely affected rheas received both manual removal of trematodes and praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h and the least severely affected rheas were only given praziquantel 1% ointment OU q12 h. The rheas were permanently relocated away from the infected water source and aquatic snails. Initial resolution was seen at 17 weeks in the most severely affected rhea, which had 675 adult P. gralli removed and topical praziquantel. The two rheas that only received topical praziquantel showed resolution within 3 and 15 weeks. Current recommendations for treating P. gralli include: manual removal of trematodes, topical praziquantel 1% ointment, and relocation away from infected water sources and aquatic snails.     

Two- and three-domain bacterial laccase-like genes are present in drained peat soils

Laccases of fungal origin have been intensively studied due to their importance in various biotechnological applications. There is a constant demand for new laccases with improved properties such as stability at higher temperatures or at an alkaline pH. Growing molecular evidence suggests that laccases may also be widespread in bacteria. While only a handful of bacterial laccases have been purified and characterized, several novel traits have already been discovered (e.g. pH-stability and 2-domain organization of the enzyme as opposed to the usual 3-domain structure of fungal laccases). The aim of this study was to examine the diversity of bacterial laccase-like genes in two types of high-organic peat soil using a cloning and sequencing approach. Gene libraries prepared of small fragments (150 base pairs) revealed an amazing diversity of bacterial laccases. The fragments clustered in 11 major lineages, and one third of the 241 sequences resembled laccase-like genes of Acidobacteria. Additionally, a new primer was used to retrieve several larger fragments of the putative bacterial laccase genes that spanned all four copper-binding sites. Both “conventional” 3-domain laccases and the recently described 2-domain small laccases have been obtained using this approach, demonstrating the potential of the primer. The present study thus contributes to the understanding of the diversity of bacterial laccases and provides a new tool for finding laccase-like sequences in bacterial strains and soil samples.     

一类分式序列封闭形和式

利用反正切函数关系arctan F（n）-arctan F（n＋1）=arctan （F（n）-F（n＋1））/（1＋F（n）F（n＋1））得到一类反正切序列封闭形和式,利用微分法得到一类分式序列封闭形和式,并给出反正切级数与分式级数恒等式.